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In the handful of years since generative AI became both a zeitgeist technology and common dinner table conversation topic, people across the design industriesranging from independent graphic designers to tech executiveshave landed on a curious mantra to justify its use: its just a tool. In this very publication, in 2023, designers Caspar Lam and Yujune Park, wrote that if we see a designers role as communicating and connecting ideas to humans in meaningful ways, AI image-generation becomes another tool and avenue for creative expression. This perspective is not unique to them. Josh Campo, the CEO of Razorfish, extolling the virtues of AI for creatives in Forbes, wrote that, beyond enhancing efficiency, AI is opening doors to possibilities that creative teams didnt have previously, but he cautions readers to remember that AI is just a tool. As part of a CNBC feature on graphic design and AI, Nicola Hamilton, president of the Association of Registered Graphic Designers (Canada), says that one of the most repeated statements about AI by designers is, indeed, that it is just a tool. She precedes this observation by noting that dealing with new technology is nothing new for designers. Some have even gone so far as to suggest AI is like a pencil. In a LinkedIn post, Peter Skillman, the global head of design for Philips, tells us that Al is just a tool, and then offers us to engage with his post by asking: What’s your take on Al in the context of humanity-centered design? My take, if youre not going to read the rest of this article, is that AI is very bad for the world, Peter. Very, very bad. I think its important to note that not everyone who is excited about AI (nor the folks who are concerned about it) is an adherent of the just-a-tool logic. Theres also the its not just a tool! Its even better! crowd. Ill refrain from engaging with this form of AI boosterism because I think that the just-a-tool logic is more difficult to dismiss. The its not just a tool crowd also includes folks circulating other AI promotional discourses such as, AI isnt just a tool, its a creative partner and its not a tool, its a paradigm shift. These and other superlatives, however, like the just-a-tool logic, mask the material and ideological realities of AI, as well as its class politicsthe way its use furthers the exploitation of the working class by the capitalist class. The great AI ‘panic’ One of the pillars of the just-a-tool logic is to suggest that those who are skeptical or worried about any new technology are simply panicking technophobes or just dont understand it. Using this approach to accuse the more deliberative and discerning members of society of being somehow opposed to progress is much more effective than the paradigm shift or its more than a tool approach to talking about AI. It might seem reasonable to be apprehensive of a paradigm shift, but it feels much less reasonable to have reservations about something that is just a tool. Indeed, if, as Hamilton said, designers have been dealing with new technologies for as long as the field itself has existed, then any apparent panic by a designer to AI must be an overreaction. New technology, says Hamilton, is an evolution, and, by this logic, to resist an evolution that is itself merely a tool is to be construed as opposing progress without reason. And even if one is panicking, the adherents of the just-a-tool logic might remind us that technological panic is not new. To construe resistance to new technologiesregardless of their real impactsas panic is designed to frame any kind of skepticism as unreasonable. But panic is precisely what we should be doing. We should panic about generative AI, in part because its harms far outweigh any benefit to any designer or any member of the working class. When one looks at the landscape of the actual uses of AIfrom political disinformation campaigns to AI CSAM to non-consensual sexually explicit material, to voice–cloning used to scam people out of their life savingspanicking seems pretty reasonable. Even if the aforementioned panic appears reasonable, we supposedly have nothing to worry about when it comes to concerns about job loss. Hamilton tells us that [AI] will likely make some designers redundant. . . . In the same way that Canva made some designers redundant, or the introduction of computers pushed some folks out of the industry. Its all the more reason . . . to look for ways we can make it work for us. Many in the capitalist classsuch as the World Economic Forum and Price Waterhouse Cooperhave gone as far as telling us that AI will create more jobs than it eliminates. Though some folks who are invested in the maintenance of the status quo have attempted to substantiate this claim, there are three issues that I think complicate it. First, some job loss attributed to automation, as Aaron Benanav so elegantly demonstrates, is the result of deindustrialization and a shift to a much less employment-stable service sector, with underemployment and underreported unemployment becoming significantly more commonplace. Second, innovation under capitalism is characterized by a race to the bottom, or attempts to cut costs at every turn. Today, technologies such as genAI often serve to lower operational costs in a quest to juicequarterly earnings and ensure that the stock buybacks offered to shareholders are as lucrative as possible. And lastly, technology does not operate within a vacuum. It does not operate along some predetermined line of development, and it doesnt just *poof* appear without people determining its design criteria, meaning how it functions and who benefits from those functions. The reality is that any efficiencies gained from the use of AI are not beneficial to anyone that doesnt already have power and privilege in society. For the working class, it doesnt really matter if more jobs get created, or if we are more productive, because most of the benefits will accrue to a shrinking number of capitalist oligarchs. Meanwhile, everyone else still suffers under conditions of decreasing real wages and increasing precarity. The class politics of this situation are crucial for clearly assessing advances in AI. The myth of human centricity The just-a-tool logic resonates with the idea that designers can be liberated to concern themselves with the choreography of systems and not pixels. In its 2025 Future of Jobs Report, The World Economic Forum pegged Graphic Design as the 11th fastest declining job per the predictions of employers (emphasis mine). UX jobs, along with Service Design, Customer Experience, and other more systems-oriented roles, will continue to grow. So while the nature of design jobs might be changed by AI, maybe the number of jobs wont really change. And perhaps theres a mutually-beneficial trade off, in which people who otherwise wouldnt be able to afford high quality bespoke design work can use generative AI, enabling professional designers to focus their creativity on wicked problems. Such a perspective, however, is a privileged one and does not take class, capital, or the wellbeing of the planet into account. A systems-level approach to designone that looks at the journeys of users through product-service ecosystemsshould itself take into account the deleterious effects of AI on individuals, societies, and the environment, instead of accepting the purportedly benevolent purposes to which we are told it is put. Lets take a moment and look at the Adobe Express commercial about the founder of Yendy, a skincare brand that seeks to challenge the exploitative nature of supply chains and support small-scale farmers in Northern Ghana. Sounds like a pretty cool company, as far as one can glean based on the information on its website and social media. Adobes commercial, however, is effectively instrumentalizing folks from the African continent to promote a technological tool that is itself inherently racist and colonialist. Designers who see genAI as just a tool might be relatively unbothered by Adobes genAI, and might see this commercial as benign, if not heart-warming. But if such designers are truly human-centered (or humanity-centered) as they might claim, how could they watch that commercial and not think about the people in the Global South being exploited by the very technological developments that enabled the founder of Yendy to use Adobe Express in the first place? What about the colonialist history of AI itself and the ongoing neocolonialism of tech corporations? What about the global flows of wealth to companies in the Global North from the Global South? Or the environmental implications? Furthermore, suggesting that AI is a tool that enables non-designers to make their ideas into reality while enabling designers to think at a higher level, contributes to the obfuscation of AI (and designs) real issue: Technological innovation under capitalism is at odds with a just and sustainable way of living for everyone. Why a tool isnt just a tool The last thing that I want to say about the just-a-tool logic is that the word tool itself is not inherently bad. But to suggest that something is just a tool is very problematic, indeed. In 1973, Ivan Illich put forward what is to me the most compelling approach to thinking about tools, which he understands in a broad and far-ranging sense, with tools including everything from hammers to highway infrastructures. Tools enable us to do things, but they also constrain our activities. They shape what is possible and the effects we can have on the world around us. On this account, tools are understood with a nuance that the just-a-tool logic itself negates. Tools, argues Illich, should be contextualized, understood through their relationships to the people that use them and who are affected by that use. Most importantly, writes Illich, the design criteria for all tools should be democratically determined. This is the opposite of the situation in which we have found ourselves today. In our modern world, AI tools have been foisted upon us by tech oligarchs hellbent on squeezing every last cent of surplus value out of the working class, and because our understanding of the nature of tools is so deeply impoverished, we feel as though we must accept them on their terms. But history shows that this also doesnt need to be the case. Any further developments in AI must be met by resistance like that of the Luddites, who sought to destroy technologies that undermined their craft, exploited and endangered their comrades, and augmented surplus value for the capitalist class without enabling those who lost their jobs to share in the supposed wealth creation. And the working class must demand that the design criteria for any new technological innovation be democratically determined. Advances in computing could genuinely benefit the international working class if those very people were able to determine the design criteria for those innovations, taking into account the systemic interrelationships of labor and environment. What those technologies, those toolsincluding those used by designersmight look like is nearly impossible to imagine today. But if, as Father John Culkin wrote in 1967, we shape our tools, and thereafter our tools shape us, we better start reshaping our tools, and we must do so by any means necessary.
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E-Commerce
Artificial intelligence has transformed how companies process data and make decisionsbut Silicon Valleys biggest players are already chasing what could be the next technological breakthrough: quantum computing. Unlike AI, which accelerates existing processes, quantum computing promises to unlock entirely new capabilities, from simulating molecules for drug discovery to solving problems far beyond the reach of todays fastest supercomputers. The industry is projected to reach $2 trillion by 2035, according to McKinsey. At Nvidia’s GTC 2025, quantum computing took center stage with a dedicated Quantum Day, where experts explored its potential to tackle problems such as weather modeling and drug discoverychallenges that even AI models and hardware-accelerated computers struggle to handle. Major tech players including Microsoft, Amazon, Google, and Nvidia are developing proprietary quantum technology, exploring how it can integrate with AI models to create future-ready infrastructure. But theres a key hurdle: scaling qubits. Qubitsthe fundamental units of quantum datamust scale into the thousands for quantum computing to surpass the capabilities of AI. Unlike classical bits, which exist as 0 or 1, qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, enabling exponentially faster processing of complex calculations. To address this, California-based Atom Computing is working alongside Microsoft. In September 2024, Microsoft announced a collaboration with Atom to build the worlds most powerful quantum machine, offering a scalable commercial system available for order. By November 2024, the companies had entangled 24 logical qubits and successfully ran a quantum algorithm using 28 logical qubits. As of 2025, Atom Computing’s neutral atom-based system features 1,180 qubits. But is the technology ready for complex real-world use cases? There is no single, concrete number of logical qubits and associated performance metrics that will suddenly unlock every possible application, Remy Notermans, director of strategic planning at Atom Computing, told Fast Company. Around 100 logical qubits, certain scientific applications can be explored that will go well beyond classical computing capabilities, and economically valuable applications are expected to become accessible at around 1,000 logical qubits. How Atom Computing Stacks Up Against Competitors Atom Computings systems use trapped neutral atoms as qubitsa proprietary approach that allows for precise control. Unlike ionized atoms, neutral atoms retain all their electrons. The company also uses laser cooling and optical tweezers to trap and manipulate individual atoms. Other quantum computing companiesincluding D-Wave, Phasecraft, Zapata Computing, and Algorithmiqare also developing infrastructure and algorithms to optimize todays quantum hardware. Notermans said Atoms flagship system currently enables 50 working logical qubits. With an aggressive roadmap, we anticipate having 100 working logical-qubit and 1,000 logical-qubit systems commercially available in the next few years, he said. The high scalability of our neutral atom technology means we have better logical qubits that is significantly faster than other approaches. When asked what made Microsoft confident in Atoms long-term potential over other approaches like superconducting or trapped ion qubits, Atom Computing Chief Product Officer Justin Ging cited scalability and flexibility as key advantages. Neutral atom technology enables multiple critical platform capabilities such as high-fidelity gate operations, all-to-all qubit connectivity, long coherence times, and mid-circuit measurement with qubit reset and reuse, Ging told Fast Company. A lot of valuable R&D work can be done with Atoms current systems, which have all the building blocks to construct many logical qubits, allowing researchers to explore error-correction and efficient logical-qubit algorithms for unlocking the first scientifically valuable applications. Beyond the challenge of scaling qubits, Ging noted that quantum computing is inherently capital-intensive. Practical quantum tech should not be held to similar timeline expectations as the software industry, he said. Quantum chemistry and materials science applications show a lot of promise for being first to take advantage of quantum computing systems that have around 100 logical qubits. Why Investors Are Betting on Quantum-AI Integration While quantum computing is still evolving toward commercial practicality, big tech is betting on its potential to enhance AI model computation. AI models require vast amounts of energy, but integrating quantum computing could improve efficiency and boost reasoning capabilities. Quantum computing will augment AI supercomputers to tackle some of the worlds most important problems, from drug discovery to materials development, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang wrote in a recent blog post announcing the company’s Accelerated Quantum Research Center. One notable breakthrough in the quantum-AI sector is Googles Willow quantum chip, which solved a random circuit sampling (RCS) benchmark problem in just five minutesa task that, according to Google, would take the worlds fastest supercomputer 10 septillion years to complete. Current AI models are trained on massive datasets that are primarily based on the human experience, Notermans explained. If an AI model alone is used to answer a question in problems related to drug discovery, there is going to be a significant uncertainty in its ability to answer the question reliably. Quantum computers can be used alongside to generate quantum-physics-based data that can supplement an AI models training dataset, making the overall performance of the AI model more accurate. Whether a powerful new paradigm emerges by combining classical and quantum computing to transform AI capabilities remains to be seen.
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E-Commerce
When Paule Tenaillon was head shoe designer at Chloé, she was responsible for designing hundreds of shoes a year. With each design, she had to consider many factors: The Chloé aesthetic, trends, heel height, materials. But there was one issue she didn’t think much about. “Comfort was never a consideration,” Tenaillon says. “Nobody ever asked me to make a comfortable pair of shoes. But it bothered me, because it’s important to me to wear shoes that are comfortable.” Now, Tenaillon is on a mission to make the most uncomfortable shoe in the world comfortable. Her shoe label, Nomasei, is releasing a stiletto model for the first time, full of small design tweaks that she believes will make the spiky heel more wearable. [Photo: courtesy Nomasei] Bringing comfort to a notoriously uncomfortable heel This week, the brand launches two stiletto designs, the “BeforeSunrise” sandal ($575) and the “Gattaca” pump ($595), which are both inspired by the sleek, minimalist aesthetic of the 1990s, when both of these movies came out. To make the shoe as comfortable as possible, the heel is relatively short at 3 inches high, making it just a smidge taller than a kitten heel. It is placed close to the ball of the foot, creating more stability and balance. The heel also tapers out and there is memory foam padding in the toe box, both of which relieve pressure. [Photo: courtesy Nomasei] Since the brand launched in 2019, customers had asked for stilettos. This presented Tenaillon with a new challenge, since the thin, pointed heel of a stiletto puts a lot of pressure on the ball of the foot. For months, Tenaillon created prototypes, which she had many women wear-test for comfort. Ultimately, the breakthrough came when she studied the design of tango shoes, which allow the dancer to pivot gracefully, while remaining stable. Inspired by dance shoes, Tenaillon has designed stilettos with a tapered heel that relieve pressure and support balance, along with two two buckled straps that adapt to the wearer’s foot, keeping it firmly in place. “I lived in Buenos Aires for five years, where I danced a lot,” she says. “Tango shoes are often stilettos, but women wear them to dance all night.” [Photo: courtesy Nomasei] Leaving A Luxury House Tenaillon and her cofounder Marine Braquet had spent their lives wanting to work in fashion. And for the most part, all of their dreams came true. They each made their way through some of the most storied Parisian brands. Tenaillon had designed for everyone from Givenchy to Chanel; Braquet, the former footwear designer for Chloé, previously worked for Louis Vuitton and Christian Dior. But inside the luxury houses, things weren’t so rosy. Tenaillon says that when she started her career in the early 2000s, she was designing two collections of shoes a year. But in the decades that followed, the industry sped up, churning out more and more styles every few months, to keep customers coming back for more. This was also when fast fashion emerged, ripping off runway looks and selling them for a fraction of the price. In response, the luxury brands had to keep one step ahead. Tenaillon was so stressed, she ended up in the hospital from exhaustion. “We were just on a hamster wheel,” Tenaillon says. “Creativity just became poorer and poorer.” Braquet, who worked on the business side, was also burning out. “I just stopped loving my job,” she says. “But before we gave up on fashion, we decided we would give it one last shot.” So together, they sketched out a plan to create a shoe label that focused on the things they loved most about luxury shoes: craftsmanship, beauty, careful attention to detail. And they would throw in something else that the high end brands didn’t have: comfort. [Photo: courtesy Nomasei] Designing Wearable Luxury Shoes The founders launched Nomasei in 2019, creating a selection of heels and boots that start at around $500. They’ve partnered with an Italian factory that also makes shoes for Hermes, leveraging Baquet’s extensive experience manufacturing shoes for luxury brands. Nomasei sells products online in both Europe and the United States. But months after opening the business, the pandemic struck and the world went into lockdown. Nobody was interested in pricey designer shoes, so the nascent brand went into hibernation. Eventually, around 2022, people wanted to get out of the house again, clad in beautiful outfits. And after spending years wearing sweatpants and slippers, comfort was an even greater priority. To Tenaillon, this just reinforced her commitment to comfortable design. She has spent the past five years designing a selection of shoes that stand out aesthetically, but that women can wear all day. And unlikes her previous jobs, Tenaillon now has the freedom to design slowly with a lot of attention to detail. She takes time to review what is on the market, creating pieces that are unique. On the website, each product has elaborate notes from Tenaillon about her approach to the design. [Photo: courtesy Nomasei] When it comes to comfort, there are many tricks that can make a heel more comfortable. Part of Tenaillon’s strategy has been to create block heels that distribute weight more evenly. Most Nomasei shoes, including the popular Adora and Baghera sandals, have these wide heels. In some, like the Taxi and Frenchkiss, there is also a platform, which makes the heel feel less high. Shoes like Venus are very popular with brides because they go nicely with wedding dresses, while being very walkable. [Photo: courtesy Nomasei] Besides the heel, Tenaillon believes that customizing the fit of the shoe to the wearer’s heel is important. So most shoes come with many straps whose buckles can be adjusted to fit the ankle and bridge of the foot. And there is memory foam in the heels to provide some cushioning. All of these features have made Nomasei a cult brand, with fans that include Bella Hadid, Kristen Stewart and Nicole Kidman. Six years after leaving Chloé, Braquet and Tenaillon aren’t looking back. And indeed, they’re now competing with some of the brands they once worked for. But they believe that designing comfortable, well-made shoes sets them apart. “We’re two very different women, with different tastes, and at different phases in life,” says Braquet. “But we both love shoes and expect them to be comfortable. The same is true for our customers.”
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E-Commerce
For some, Microsoft Teams is a necessary evil: the modern day equivalent of an ever-ringing desk phone. But the fact is that in many organizations, its become an essential tool for communication and collaboration. And as long as youre using it, you might as well transform your Microsoft Teams experience from simply functional to truly powerful. Here are some quick tricks you should be using to get the most out of Microsoft Teams. Slash your way around the interface Slash commands save you time by providing quick access to frequently used features. Simply type a forward slash (/) in the search box at the top of the screen and a list of available commands will appear. Here are a few helpful ones to keep at the ready: /chat: Initiate a chat with someone. /away: Set your status to “Away. /dnd: Activate “Do Not Disturb” mode to silence notifications. /call [Name]: Instantly initiate a call with a specific contact. Use keyboard shortcuts to cut down on clicks The time you spend mastering keyboard shortcuts in Teams will pay off in spades down the road. Better yet, many shortcuts are universal across applications. Here are a few key Teams shortcuts that work in Windows: Ctrl + Shift + I: Mark the message youre sending as important. Ctrl + O: Open your current conversation in a new window. Ctrl + E: Go to Search. Ctrl + N: Start a new chat. Mac users: Substitute “Ctrl” with the Command key. To find a full list of shortcuts, click the three-dot menu in the upper-right corner next to your profile photo and select the Keyboard shortcuts item. Save messages for future reference Teams had a handy “Save” feature that allowed you to bookmark messages. Then it became the Bookmark feature, which allowed you toyou guessed itbookmark messages. Now its gone for some reason. But! Theres a workaround of sorts. If you forward messages to yourself, it creates a personal repository of notes that you can reference whenever you like. If you find a message youd like to save, hover over it and when the three-dot menu pops up, use the forward feature to send it to yourself. To access your saved messages, find yourself in the Recent section of the Chat pane. Better yet, hover over your chat with yourself, click the three-dot menu, and select Pin to stick yourself to the tippy top of the Chat section for good. Schedule messages to send later Need to send a message outside of work hours, but don’t want to disturb your colleagues? Sandbagging and want to make it look like youre burning the midnight oil? Teams allows you to schedule messages to be sent at a later date and time. Note that this feature works only for new posts you create in Teams channelsnot in chats and not in replies to others posts. To schedule a message, craft your post, click the plus icon in the lower-left corner, and choose the Schedule message option. Your post will stay in place, but will now have a delivery message at the top. Click it and youll be able to reschedule it or cancel it.
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E-Commerce
Near Atlanta, the diverse suburb of Morrow, Georgia, is an EV charging desert. If you live in an apartment in one neighborhood and own an electric car, you might have to drive 20 minutes to get to a public charger. Thats why a local green bank wanted to support a new charging station in the area. It should have been a simple project, beginning with a small group of six chargers. Then came Trump. Were talking about a project that could have been up and running by now, says Reginald Parker, president of Freedmen Capital Foundation, a green bank in Georgia. It had a months delay. Over the last month, prices have gone up. The market has changed tremendously. And that type of uncertainty for the project adds costs that small businesses, in general, are not ready for. Exactly the type of project that the green bank wanted to support Thanks to the Inflation Reduction Act, the bipartisan bill that Congress passed in 2022, there was funding for the work. Last year, the first national green bank opened with $5 billion in funding from the IRA. The organization started creating a network of state and local green banks. (Despite the name, these arent typical banks with deposits. Instead, they’re institutions that make green loans for projects like community solar installations or green building retrofits.) Freedman Capital Foundation, named after a late-1800s bank established for formerly enslaved people, was chosen to be part of the network. The new charging station was exactly the type of project that the green bank wanted to support. The communities that are EV charging deserts are the first and hardest hit by climate impacts, Parker says. Helping residents switch to EVs can help cut emissions. It can also reduce air pollution and help people save money on fuel. It also builds energy independence, he says. Oil and gas are derived from some foreign sources. Electricity is all domestic. One part of the charger project had already been funded. A grant from the Department of Transportation helped cover the cost for the local utility to set up the electric infrastructure needed for the chargers. The small organization that will operate the charging station, called TABT, is paying to install the chargers. The last piece of the fundingthe money to cover a loan for the equipmentcame from the EPAs Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund, a program created by the IRA. Trump pauses IRA funds On his first day in office, Trump issued an executive order telling agencies to pause all funds under the IRA. At first, grantees under the EPA program could still access the money sitting in their accounts. But in February, Trump-appointed EPA administrator Lee Zeldin said that the EPA would revoke contracts for the fund. The agency made baseless accusations of fraud. It froze $20 billion in grants. Citibank, directed by the government, froze the money in the account of Coalition for Green Capital, the nonprofit running the national green bank. Freedmen Capital Foundation was able to get its funds from the nonprofit just before that account was frozen. But the EPA warned it not to move forward on projects. “Everything had to stop,” says Parker. At the same time, some of the EPA’s grantees, including the Coalition for Green Capital, sued to force Citibank to unfreeze the money. A federal judge blocked the freeze. Appeals are still underway, and the money at Citibank still isn’t accessible. But the first court order meant that Freedmen was able to begin using the money it already had. (Another piece of its funds, for technical assistance, got stuck in the freeze.) In March, the utility finished upgrading the electric infrastructure needed for the chargers. If the project had happened normally, TABT could have ordered the chargers in advance. Installation could have started right away; the process could have taken as little as a week, and the chargers could be in use now. But because of the delays from the EPA’s actions, nothing was ready to go. ‘Instead of making investments, we are wasting time and resources’ Freedmen Capital Foundation has been scrambling to finalize the loan for the project. Trump’s chaotic rollout of tariffs means that the cost of supplies for making EV chargersfrom steel to electronicswill jump. “If we weren’t able to move within the next week or two, the owner would be subjected to higher prices,” Parker says. Despite the delays, the project is unusual in that it’s able to move forward. Most projects that were set to receive funding through the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund are now stuck in limbo, waiting for the next stage in a lawsuit. A judge may issue a preliminary injunction this week that allows organizations to access their money, though the government will immediately appeal and could try to claw the money back. From solar energy in Arkansas to hydropower in Alaska, local projects that lower energy costs and support domestic manufacturing arent currently able to move forward, forcing communities to wait for the jobs and economic opportunity theyre counting on,” says Brooke Durham, a spokesperson for Climate United, a nonprofit that received a $6.97 billion Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund grant that was frozen. “Instead of making investments and delivering on those promises, we are wasting time and resources fighting an unnecessary battle in court. This program isnt about politics; its about saving money for hard-working Americans who are struggling to pay for groceries and keep the lights on.
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E-Commerce
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