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Information on the internet might seem like its there forever, but its only as permanent as people choose to make it. Thats apparent as the second Trump administration floods the zone with efforts to dismantle science agencies and the data and websites they use to communicate with the public. The targets range from public health and demographics to climate science. We are a research librarian and policy scholar who belong to a network called the Public Environmental Data Partners, a coalition of nonprofits, archivists and researchers who rely on federal data in our analysis, advocacy and litigation and are working to ensure that data remains available to the public. In just the first three weeks of Trumps term, we saw agencies remove access to at least a dozen climate and environmental justice analysis tools. The new administration also scrubbed the phrase climate change from government websites, as well as terms like resilience. Heres why and how Public Environmental Data Partners and others are making sure that the climate science the public depends on is available forever. Why government websites and data matter The internet and the availability of data are necessary for innovation, research and daily life. Climate scientists analyze NASA satellite observations and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather records to understand changes underway in the Earth system, whats causing them and how to protect the climates that economies were built on. Other researchers use these sources alongside Census Bureau data to understand who is most affected by climate change. And every day, people around the world log onto the Environmental Protection Agencys website to learn how to protect themselves from hazards and to find out what the government is or isnt doing to help. If the data and tools used to understand complex data are abruptly taken off the internet, the work of scientists, civil society organizations and government officials themselves can grind to a halt. The generation of scientific data and analysis by government scientists is also crucial. Many state governments run environmental protection and public health programs that depend on science and data collected by federal agencies. Removing information from government websites also makes it harder for the public to effectively participate in key processes of democracy, including changes to regulations. When an agency proposes to repeal a rule, for example, it is required to solicit comments from the public, who often depend on government websites to find information relevant to the rule. And when web resources are altered or taken offline, it breeds mistrust in both government and science. Government agencies have collected climate data, conducted complex analyses, provided funding and hosted data in a publicly accessible manner for years. People around the word understand climate change in large part because of U.S. federal data. Removing it deprives everyone of important information about their world. Bye-bye data? The first Trump administration removed discussions of climate change and climate policies widely across government websites. However, in our research with the Environmental Data and Governance Initiative over those first four years, we didnt find evidence that datasets had been permanently deleted. The second Trump administration seems different, with more rapid and pervasive removal of information. In response, groups involved in Public Environmental Data Partners have been archiving climate datasets our community has prioritized, uploading copies to public repositories and cataloging where and how to find them if they go missing from government websites. As of Feb. 13, 2025, we hadnt seen the destruction of climate science records. Many of these data collection programs, such as those at NOAA or EPAs Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program, are required by Congress. However, the administration had limited or eliminated access to a lot of data. Maintaining tools for understanding climate change Weve seen a targeted effort to systematically remove tools like dashboards that summarize and visualize the social dimensions of climate change. For instance, the Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool mapped low-income and other marginalized communities that are expected to experience severe climate changes, such as crop losses and wildfires. The mapping tool was taken offline shortly after Trumps first set of executive orders. Most of the original data behind the mapping tool, like the wildfire risk predictions, is still available, but is now harder to find and access. But because the mapping tool was developed as an open-source project, we were able o recreate it. Preserving websites for the future In some cases, entire webpages are offline. For instance, the page for the 25-year-old Climate Change Center at the Department of Transportation doesnt exist anymore. The link just sends visitors back to the departments homepage. Other pages have limited access. For instance, EPA hasnt yet removed its climate change pages, but it has removed climate change from its navigation menu, making it harder to find those pages. Fortunately, our partners at the End of Term Web Archive have captured snapshots of millions of government webpages and made them accessible through the Internet Archives Wayback Machine. The group has done this after each administration since 2008. If youre looking at a webpage and you think it should include a discussion of climate change, use the changes tool in the Wayback Machine to check if the language has been altered over time, or navigate to the sites snapshots of the page before Trumps inauguration. What you can do You can also find archived climate and environmental justice datasets and tools on the Public Environmental Data Partners website. Other groups are archiving datasets linked in the Data.gov data portal and making them findable in other locations. Individual researchers are also uploading datasets in searchable repositories like OSF, run by the Center for Open Science. If you are worried that certain data currently still available might disappear, consult this checklist from MIT Libraries. It provides steps for how you can help safeguard federal data. Narrowing the knowledge sphere Whats unclear is how far the administration will push its attempts to remove, block or hide climate data and science, and how successful it will be. Already, a federal district court judge has ruled that the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions removal of access to public health resources that doctors rely on was harmful and arbitrary. These were put back online thanks to that ruling. We worry that more data and information removals will narrow public understanding of climate change, leaving people, communities and economies unprepared and at greater risk. While data archiving efforts can stem the tide of removals to some extent, there is no replacement for the government research infrastructures that produce and share climate data. Eric Nost is an associate professor of geography at the University of Guelph. Alejandro Paz is an energy and environment librarian at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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E-Commerce
Since Donald Trump regained the presidency, he has coveted Greenland. Trump has insisted that the U.S. will control the island, currently an autonomous territory of Denmark, and if his overtures are rejected, perhaps seize Greenland by force. During a recent congressional hearing, senators and expert witnesses focused on Greenlands strategic value and its natural resources: critical minerals, fossil fuels and hydropower. No one mentioned the hazards, many of them exacerbated by human-induced climate change, that those longing to possess and develop the island will inevitably encounter. Thats imprudent, because the Arctics climate is changing more rapidly than anywhere on Earth. Such rapid warming further increases the already substantial economic and personal risk for those living, working and extracting resources on Greenland, and for the rest of the planet. I am a geoscientist who studies the environmental history of Greenland and its ice sheet, including natural hazards and climate change. That knowledge is essential for understanding the risks that military and extractive efforts face on Greenland today and in the future. Greenland: Land of extremes Greenland is unlike where most people live. The climate is frigid. For much of the year, sea ice clings to the coast, making it inaccessible. An ice sheet, up to 2 miles thick, covers more than 80% of the island. The population, about 56,000 people, lives along the islands steep, rocky coastline. While researching my book When the Ice is Gone, I discovered how Greenlands harsh climate and vast wilderness stymied past colonial endeavors. During World War II, dozens of U.S. military pilots, disoriented by thick fog and running out of fuel, crashed onto the ice sheet. An iceberg from Greenland sunk the Titanic in 1912, and 46 years later, another sunk a Danish vessel specifically designed to fend off ice, killing all 95 aboard. Now amplified by climate change, natural hazards make resource extraction and military endeavors in Greenland uncertain, expensive and potentially deadly. Rock on the move Greenlands coastal landscape is prone to rockslides. The hazard arises because the coast is where people live and where rock isnt hidden under the ice sheet. In some places, that rock contains critical minerals, such as gold, as well as other rare metals used for technology, including for circuit boards and electrical vehicle batteries. The unstable slopes reflect how the ice sheet eroded the deep fjords when it was larger. Now that the ice has melted, nothing buttresses the near-vertical valley walls, and so, they collapse. A massive rockslide, triggered by permafrost melt, tumbled down the fjord wall and into the water at Assapaat, West Greenland. [Photo: Kristian Svennevig/GEUS] In 2017, a northwestern Greenland mountainside fell 3,000 feet into the deep waters of the fjord below. Mments later, the wave that rockfall generated (a tsunami) washed over the nearby villages of Nuugaatsiaq and Illorsuit. The water, laden with icebergs and sea ice, ripped homes from their foundations as people and sled dogs ran for their lives. By the time it was over, four people were dead and both villages lay in ruin. Steep fjord walls around the island are littered with the scars of past rockslides. The evidence shows that at one point in the last 10,000 years, one of those slides dropped rock sufficient to fill 3.2 million Olympic swimming pools into the water below. In 2023, another rockslide triggered a tsunami that sloshed back and forth for nine days in a Greenland fjord. Theres no network of paved roads across Greenland. The only feasible way to move heavy equipment, minerals and fossil fuels would be by sea. Docks, mines and buildings within tens of feet of sea level would be vulnerable to rockslide-induced tsunamis. Melting ice will be deadly and expensive Human-induced global warming, driven by fossil fuel combustion, speeds the melting of Greenlands ice. That melting is threatening the islands infrastructure and the lifestyles of native people, who over millennia have adapted their transportation and food systems to the presence of snow and ice. Record floods, fed by warmth-induced melting of the ice sheet, have recently swept away bridges that stood for half a century. As the climate warms, permafrost frozen rock and soil which underlies the island, thaws. This destabilizes the landscape, weakening steep slopes and damaging critical infrastructure. Permafrost melt is already threatening the U.S. military base on Greenland. As the ice melts and the ground settles under runways, cracks and craters form a hazard for airplanes. Buildings tilt as their foundations settle into the softening soil, including critical radar installations that have scanned the skies for missiles and bombers since the 1950s. Greenlands icebergs can threaten oil rigs. As the warming climate speeds the flow of Greenlands glaciers, they calve more icebergs in the ocean. The problem is worse close to Greenland, but some icebergs drift toward Canada, endangering oil rigs there. Ships stand guard, ready to tow threatening icebergs away. Greenlands government banned drilling for fossil fuels in 2021 out of concern for the environment. Yet, Trump and his allies remain eager to see exploration resume off the island, despite exceptionally high costs, less than stellar results from initial drilling, and the ever-present risk of icebergs. As Greenlands ice melts and water flows into the ocean, sea level changes, but in ways that might not be intuitive. Away from the island, sea level is rising about an inch each six years. But close to the ice sheet, its the land thats rising. Gradually freed of the weight of its ice, the rock beneath Greenland, long depressed by the massive ice sheet, rebounds. That rise is rapid more than 6 feet per century. Soon, many harbors in Greenland may become too shallow for ship traffic. Greenlands challenging past and future History clearly shows that many past military and colonial endeavors failed in Greenland because they showed little consideration of the islands harsh climate and dynamic ice sheet. Changing climate drove Norse settlers out of Greenland 700 years ago. Explorers trying to cross the ice sheet lost their lives to the cold. American bases built inside the ice sheet, such as Camp Century, were quickly crushed as the encasing snow deformed. In the past, the American focus in Greenland was on short-term gains with little regard for the future. Abandoned U.S. military bases from World War II, scattered around the island and in need of cleanup, are one example. Forced relocation of reenlandic Inuit communities during the Cold War is another. I believe that Trumps demands today for American control of the island to exploit its resources are similarly shortsighted. However, when it comes to the planets livability, Ive argued that the greatest strategic and economic value of Greenland to the world is not its location or its natural resources, but its ice. That white snow and ice reflect sunlight, keeping Earth cool. And the ice sheet, perched on land, keeps water out of the ocean. As it melts, Greenlands ice sheet will raise global sea level, up to about 23 feet when all the ice is gone. Climate-driven sea level rise is already flooding coastal regions around the world, including major economic centers. As that continues, estimates suggest that the damage will total trillions of dollars. Unless Greenlands ice remains frozen, coastal inundation will force the largest migration that humanity has ever witnessed. Such changes are predicted to destabilize the global economic and strategic world order. These examples show that disregarding the risks of natural hazards and climate change in Greenland courts disaster, both locally and globally. Paul Bierman is a fellow of the Gund Institute for Environment and a professor of natural resources and environmental science at the University of Vermont. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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E-Commerce
The official White House social media account is under fire for posts that resemble something typically found on the internet forum 4chan. A post shared on February 14, styled like a Valentines card, read, “Roses are red, violets are blue, come here illegally and well deport you.” It has since been viewed 36.6 million times. While many of President Donald Trumps supporters praised the message, others condemned it as callous. I thought this was a parody account at first. Absolutely disgusting! one X user commented. Classless, another simply put. Happy Valentine's Day pic.twitter.com/6d7qmo7gtz— The White House (@WhiteHouse) February 14, 2025 On February 18, another post tapped into the ASMR trendshort for “autonomous sensory meridian response,” a term for the tingling sensation some people experience in response to certain sounds or visuals. The video featured audio of a plane, chains clinking against the ground, handcuffs being fastened, and footsteps ascending a metal staircase. It was titled, ASMR: Illegal Alien Deportation Flight. ASMR: Illegal Alien Deportation Flight pic.twitter.com/O6L1iYt9b4— The White House (@WhiteHouse) February 18, 2025 X owner and Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) chief Elon Musk reposted the video writing, Haha, wow, accompanied by Frankenstein and gold medal emojis. Many commenters, however, were alarmed by the apparent trivialization of a serious humanitarian issue. And youre telling me this isnt a fascist dictatorship? Making ‘ASMR’ about a human being being deported is beyond cruel. Thats some cartoon type evil, one wrote. Another commented: As a European watching this reality show called ‘American Politics’ unfold, I didn’t think they could go any lower at this point. The White House posts signal a shift in tone and strategy from the norm for official accounts of those governing the country. Rather than maintaining a neutral, bureaucratic voice, the White Houses official X account now resembles that of a social media troll. In response to the backlash, White House spokesman Harrison Fields told The New York Times, President Trump is committed to using every direct line of communication to the American people. While the 2024 electionand the interminable discourse surrounding Kamala HQ and Brat summerproved there is room within politics for internet lingo, the question remains: Where should the line be drawn for an official government account?
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E-Commerce
A glance at the days headlines reveals a universal truth: Leadership matters. Whether uplifting and ethical or toxic and abusive, leaders profoundly shape our lives. And this is especially true on the job. Research consistently shows that leadership influences employees attitudes, behaviors and emotions, driving key organizational outcomes such as creativity, employee engagement, well-being and financial performance. Unfortunately, research also shows that supervisors abuse their employees far too often and then try to manage impressions to compensate for their bad behavior. But what happens when a leader tries to make up for past abuse by suddenly acting ethically? And do employees have to experience the abuse firsthand for it to hurt them? As professors who study management and whove heard horror stories of employees working under mercurial bosses we wanted to find answers. So we conducted a study, which was recently published in the Journal of Applied Psychology. Our research includes multiple samples of full-time employees in the U.S. and the United Kingdom. To begin, we surveyed 222 employees and 66 supervisors to gather insights into workplace leadership and work experiences. We focused on two contrasting leadership behaviors: ethical leadership and abusive supervision. We also conducted experiments with 400 people, presenting them with stories about managers who alternately display both ethical leadership and abusive supervision and asking them how they would respond. Across these studies, we found that employees who experience such oscillating leadership often end up worse off in terms of their emotional well-being and job performance than if they were consistently being abused. By going back and forth between abusive and ethical behaviors, leaders create greater confusion, leaving their employees emotionally exhausted. Instead of providing relief, acts of ethical leadership ironically serve to amplify the damage done by prior abusive behavior. Jekyll and Hyde leadership in practice As an example, consider Steve Jobs, the co-founder and chief executive officer of Apple for more than a decade until his death in 2011. While Jobs was an icon to many people, he reportedly swung between toxic and positive leadership behavior while dealing with subordinates. For example, when Jobs exacting standards werent met, he would reportedly storm into meetings and profanely berate the team responsible for not living up to his lofty expectations. Yet, despite these outbursts, he was also described as a leader who believed in his employees potential, expressing unwavering confidence in their abilities and empowering them to exceed their own expectations. This kind of unpredictable leadership can leave workers emotionally exhausted, wondering: Which version of my boss will show up today? Will this kindness last, or is it just a setup for another blow? Unsurprisingly, this isnt good for productivity. Employees value stability and predictability in their leaders. A supervisor who bounces between harsh criticism and warm praise creates an emotional roller coaster for the team. When employees see a supervisor as unpredictable, they experience more stress and emotional exhaustion, which hurts their job performance and willingness to share ideas. Interestingly, we found that workers dont even need to be directly targeted by an abusive supervisor to be affected; employees whose immediate supervisors get the Jekyll-and-Hyde treatment from their higher-ups suffer similar consequences. These negative reactions occur, in part, because employees begin to doubt that their immediate supervisors are able to effectively influence higher-level leaders. In other words, the psychological toll of Jekyll-and-Hyde leaders isnt limited to direct encounters but can also be experienced vicariously. How companies can banish Mr. Hyde The good news is that organizations can break this cycle and workers are likely to be less stressed and more productive when they do. Here are three steps every organization can take: Train leaders to manage stress without lashing out. High-pressure environments are prevalent these days, but abusive leader behavior doesnt have to be. Providing leaders with tools like emotional intelligence training and conflict resolution skills can help leaders navigate both personal and professional challenges more constructively. Address the abusive behavior directly. When abusive actions occur, ignoring them or asking the leader to be nicer next time isnt enough. Structured interventions like one-on-one coaching, counseling or formal sanctions are essential for generating real change. Employees need to see that the organization is living up to its stated values and ideals. Foster a culture of trust and accountability. Tools like 360-degree feedback reports which involve feedback from supervisors, peers and subordinates can help leaders gain deeper insight into their behaviors. These can be used not just for development, but also for heightened accountability. Creating a climate of psychological safety in which employees can report concerns without fear of retaliation is key to rebuilding trust. So is ensuring clear, consistent responses to reports of abusive supervision. Great leaders understand the power of trust and setting an example. Employees want leaders they can rely on, not ones who keep them guessing. So leaders should be wary about employing ethical leadership as a quick fix for past mistakes. Rather, its about showing up consistently, authentically, and with integrity every single day. For leaders at all levels, the takeaway is simple: Consistency fosters success. Organizations that prioritize stable, ethical leadership create workplaces where employees feel valued, supported and empowered to do their best work. John Sumanth is a James Farr Fellow & associate professor of management at Wake Forest University. Haoying Xu is an assistan professor of business at Stevens Institute of Technology. Sean Hannah is chair of business ethics and a professor of management at Wake Forest University School of Business at Wake Forest University. Sherry Moss is associate dean of MBA Programs at Wake Forest University School of Business at Wake Forest University. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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E-Commerce
An iconic eyewear brand has a new creative icon at its helm. Ray-Ban announced today that rapper and fashion trendsetter A$AP Rocky will be its first-ever creative director. In his new role, Rocky will lead Ray-Ban Studios, a sub label of Ray-Ban that it calls a creative hub celebrating self-expression. More broadly, hes tasked with reinventing and contemporizing the brand by overseeing creative projects including a new Blacked Out Collection, which will release in April. The collection redesigns iconic frames (think the Wayfarer and Clubmaster) with a brand-new black-out lens and gold-plated details. Today, we are welcoming A$AP Rocky into our family; hes a visionary artist and creator, Ray-Ban president Leonardo Maria Del Vecchio says in a statement. His ability to push the boundaries of the diverse worlds he explores aligns with the Ray-Ban DNA. We are reinforcing the brands values of innovation, pioneering spirit, and courage. Rocky has a history of wearing Ray-Bans. Most recently, in what is now seemingly a tell of the collaboration to come, Rocky wore Ray-Bans to his trial for two felony counts of assault with a semiautomatic firearm, which ended last week with a not guilty verdict. He also wore Ray-Bans to his first-ever fashion show American Sabotage last summer. The announcement follows the release of Rockys fourth album Dont be Dumb earlier this year. This isnt his first foray into fashion collaborations, either. The rapper, 36, has previously collaborated with JW Anderson, Guess, Puma, and Moncler. Rockys onboarding comes at a moment of growth for the eyewear brands parent company, EssilorLuxottica. The holding company acquired Supreme last July, and announced a long-term partnership with Meta last September. Time will tell if A$AP Rocky’s affiliation with Ray-Ban will have a positive knock-on effect for the Meta partnership. That depends on whether he can counter public perception of Mark Zuckerberg, who has a Midas touch of uncool and makes everything in his arm’s reach turn cringe, including the Ray-Ban wayfarers that are the center of the EssilorLuxottica-Meta smartglasses partnership. EssilorLuxottica saw group revenue up 9.4% in Q4, and has sold two million smartglasses since launch, according to its most recent quarterly report. Rockys creative leadership at Ray-Ban will extend beyond glasses design. Hell also have a hand in the brands creative campaigns and redesign its retail stores, signaling a pivot point and an overhaul of the brand and its public perception at large. The company wrote that Rocky joins in a critical time in the evolution of Ray-Ban, in its announcement. EssilorLuxottica did not respond to a request for additional comment by time of publication. Ive always admired Ray-Bans ability to stay true to its roots while constantly evolving, Rocky said in a statement. Im excited to be part of the strong heritage and develop the next chapter for an iconic brand like Ray-Ban.
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E-Commerce
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